factor

[명] 요인, 요소, 인자
[동] 인수로 분해하다, 인수 분해하다, …을 요소에 넣다

[명] element, part, thing

[명] a circumstance, fact, or influence that contributes to a result, An agent or representative
[동] organize into different components that are easier to maintain and work with, To find all the factors of

hinder

[동] 장애가 되다, 방해가 되다, 저해하다
[형] 뒤의, 후방의, 후부의
[명] 다리

[동] hamper, obstruct, be a hindrance to

[동] help, facilitate

[동] make it difficult for to do something or for to happen, To make difficult to accomplish
[형] rear, Of or belonging to that part or end which is in the rear or hind, or which follows

creativity

[명] 창조적임, 창조력, 창조성

[명] inventiveness, imagination, talent

[명] the use of imagination or original ideas to create something, The ability to use imagination to produce a novel idea or product

unawareness

identify

[동] 동일시하다, 자기를 동일시하다, 확인하다

[동] recognize, identify, single out

[동] distinguish

[동] establish or indicate who or what is, To establish the identity of

compulsory

[형] 강제하는, 강제적인, 강요된
[명] 규정 종목

[형] obligatory, mandatory, forced

[형] optional, voluntary

[형] required by law or a rule, Required
[명] Something that is compulsory or required

specific

[형] 특수한, 분명히 나타난, 구체적인
[명] 특별한 것, 특성, 특별한 용도에 맞는 물건

[형] particular, specified, special

[형] general, vague

[형] clearly defined or identified, explicit or definite
[명] a medicine or remedy effective in treating a particular disease or part of the body, A distinguishing attribute or quality

recognize

[동] …을 보고 곧 알아보다, 서약 증서를 제출하다, 알아보다

[동] identify, place, know

[동] forget, ignore, overlook

[동] identify from having encountered them before, To match to a memory of some previous encounter with the same person or thing

simplify

[동] 간단하게 하다, 간소화하다, 평이하게 하다
[형] 간단하게 한

[동] make simple/simpler, make simpler, make easy/easier to understand/do

[동] complicate

[동] make simpler or easier to do or understand, To make simpler, either by reducing in complexity, reducing to component parts, or making easier to understand

conduct

[동] 처신하다, 행동하다, 하다
[명] 행위, 행동, 품행

[동] manage, carry out, direct
[명] behaviour, management, way of behaving

[동] organize and carry out, To lead, or guide
[명] the manner in which a person behaves, especially in a particular place or situation, The act or method of controlling or directing

prior

[명] 전과, 소수도원의 장, 소수도원의 원장
[형] 전의, 사전의, 이전의

[형] earlier, previous, preceding

[형] later, subsequent

[명] a previous criminal conviction, A previous arrest or criminal conviction on someone's record. 1939, Raymond Chandler, The Big Sleep, Penguin 2011, p. 53:
[형] existing or coming before in time, order, or importance, Advance

investigation

[명] 조사, 수사, 연구

[명] examination, enquiry, study

[명] the action of investigating something or someone, The act of investigating

access

[명] 접근, 입장, 가까이 다가감
[동] 기억 장치에 입출력하다, 입수하다, 접속하다
[형] 시청자가 참여할 수 있는

[명] entrance, admission, access
[동] retrieve, gain, gain access to

[명] the means or opportunity to approach or enter a place, A way or means of approaching or entering
[동] approach or enter, To gain or obtain access to

laboratory

[명] 실험실, 시험소, 시험실
[형] 실험실의, 실험에 관한, 실습의

[명] a room or building equipped for scientific experiments, research, or teaching, or for the manufacture of drugs or chemicals, A room, building or institution equipped for scientific research, experimentation or analysis

equipment

[명] 설비, 장비, 준비

[명] apparatus, equipment, paraphernalia

[명] the necessary items for a particular purpose, The act of equipping, or the state of being equipped, as for a voyage or expedition

chemical

[형] 화학의, 화학상의, 화학적인
[명] 화학 물질, 화학제품, 화학 제품

[명] compound, drug, substance

[형] relating to chemistry, or the interactions of substances as studied in chemistry, Of or relating to chemistry
[명] a distinct compound or substance, especially one which has been artificially prepared or purified, Any specific chemical element or chemical compound or alloy

preparation

[명] 준비, 대비, 예비조사

[명] devising, groundwork, putting together

[명] the action or process of preparing or being prepared for use or consideration, The act of preparing or getting ready

vital

[형] 생명의, 필수적인, 목숨의
[명] 생명 유지에 필요한 여러 기관, 생명의 유지에 절대 필요한 기관, 생명의 원천인

[형] essential, indispensable, important

[형] unimportant, unnecessary, peripheral

[형] absolutely necessary, Relating to, or characteristic of life
[명] the body's important internal organs

technician

[명] 전문가, 기술자, 기사

[명] a person employed to look after technical equipment or do practical work in a laboratory, A person who studies or practises technology

purchase

[명] 구입, 구매, 사들이기
[동] 사다, 구입하다, …을 사다

[명] acquisition, investment, buy
[동] buy, acquire, pay for

[명] sale
[동] sell, market

[명] the action of buying something, The acquisition of title to, or property in, anything for a price
[동] acquire by paying for it, To buy, obtain by payment of a price in money or its equivalent

applicable

[형] 응용할 수 있는, 적용할 수 있는, 해당되는

[형] relevant, appropriate, fitting

[형] inappropriate, irrelevant

[형] relevant or appropriate, suitable for application, relevant

even if

…일지라도, …이라고 할지라도

despite the possibility that, no matter whether

available

[형] 쓸모 있는, 이용할 수 있는, 구할 수 있는

[형] obtainable, accessible, ready

[형] unavailable, in use, busy

[형] able to be used or obtained, Such as one may avail oneself of

in advance

선금으로, 미리, 전부터

ahead in time, beforehand
[숙어] before something happens, before a future event or time — often + of

lead to

~로 이어지다

[동] to result in see also LEAD 1a, 4

topic

[명] 화제, 제목, 이야깃거리

[명] subject, subject matter, point

[명] a matter dealt with in a text, discourse, or conversation, the subject of a discourse or of a section of a discourse
[접미사] place

alternative

[형] 양자 택일의, 하나를 택해야 할, 대체 가능한
[명] 둘 중에서의 선택, 대안, 양자 간의 선택

[형] different, other, another
[명] option, substitute, choice

[형] available as another possibility or choice, mutually exclusive
[명] one of two or more available possibilities

means

[명] 방법, 수단, 매체

[명] method, way, manner

[명] an action or system by which a result is achieved, plural of mean
[동] Third-person singular simple present indicative form of mean

translator

[명] 역자, 번역가, 새기는 사람

[명] interpreter, transcriber, transliterator

[명] a person who translates from one language into another, especially as a profession, A person who translates text, film, or other material into a different natural language

pressure

[명] 누르기, 압박, 압력
[동] …에게 압력을 가하다, 압력을 가하다, 강요하다

[명] force, load, crushing
[동] coerce, pressurize, press

[명] continuous physical force exerted on or against an object by something in contact with it, A pressing
[동] attempt to persuade or coerce into doing something, To encourage or heavily exert force or influence

community

[명] 공동 사회, 주민, 단체

[명] population, society, populace

[명] difference, incompatibility

[명] a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common, A group sharing a common understanding, and often the same language, law, manners, and/or tradition

arrive at[in]

interpretation

[명] 해석, 해설, 설명

[명] explanation, elucidation, meaning

[명] the action of explaining the meaning of something, An act of interpreting or explaining something unclear

dialogue

[명] 대화, 문답, 대담
[동] 대화하다, 회화에 참여하다, 회화체로 하다

[명] conversation, discussion, talk

[명] a conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or film, A conversation or other form of discourse between two or more individuals
[동] take part in a conversation or discussion to resolve a problem, To discuss or negotiate so that all parties can reach an understanding

pretty

[형] 예쁜, 매력적인, 어여쁜
[명] 고운 물건, 예쁘장한 물건, 예쁜이
[부] 꽤, …치고는, 어느 정도

[형] attractive, lovely, appealing
[부] quite, fairly, rather
[동] beautify, make attractive, make pretty

[형] plain, ugly

[형] attractive in a delicate way without being truly beautiful, Pleasant to the sight or other senses
[명] an attractive thing, especially a trinket, A pretty person
[부] to a moderately high degree, Somewhat, fairly, quite

set about

start doing something with vigour or determination, to begin to do
[동] To initiate or begin some action, to begin to do — sometimes followed by to + verb

translate

[동] …을 번역하다, 번역하다, 새기다

[동] interpret, render, put

[동] express the sense of in another language, Senses relating to the change of information, etc., from one form to another
[명] In Euclidean spaces: a set of points obtained by adding a given fixed vector to each point of a given set

on 소유격 own

commentary

[명] 논평, 실황 방송, 주석

[명] narration, description, report

[명] an expression of opinions or offering of explanations about an event or situation, a series of comments or annotations

refer to

[동] …에 돌리다, 회부하다, 언급하다

[동] to look at or in for information, to have a direct connection or relationship to

translation

[명] 번역, 통역, 번역물

[명] rendering, interpretation, rendition

[명] the process of translating words or text from one language into another, The act of translating, in its various senses:

draw on

지나가다

[동] To sketch or mark with pencil, crayon, etc., on a given surface, approach
use one's experience, talents, or skills as a resource, to use as a source of supply

scene

[명] 장소, 현장, 경치

[명] location, site, place

[명] the place where an incident in real life or fiction occurs or occurred, The location of an event that attracts attention
[동] To exhibit as a scene, to make a scene of

consist of

[동] ~로 구성되다

[동] To be composed or made up of something, to be formed or made up of

orally

linguistic

[형] 언어의, 말의, 언어학의

[형] language-producing, semantic, lingual

[형] relating to language or linguistics, Of or relating to language

arise

[동] 발생하다, 일어나다, 생기다

[동] come to light, happen, become apparent

[동] sit down, lie down

[동] emerge, To come up from a lower to a higher position

conversation

[명] 회화, 대화, 담화

[명] discussion, talk, chat

[명] a talk, especially an informal one, between two or more people, in which news and ideas are exchanged, Expression and exchange of individual ideas through talking with other people
[동] To engage in conversation

purpose

[명] 목적, 용도, 의도
[동] 작정이다, 작정하다, 의도하다

[명] motive, reason, motivation
[동] intend, mean, aim

[명] the reason for which something is done or created or for which something exists, An objective to be reached
[동] design or intend for a particular use, To have set as one's purpose

expectation

[명] 예상, 기대, 예기

[명] supposition, projection, assumption

[명] a strong belief that something will happen or be the case, The act or state of expecting or looking forward to an event as about to happen

crowd

[동] 떼지어 모이다, 가득 메우다, 떼 지어 모이다
[명] 군중, 크라우드, 사람들

[동] cluster, flock, gather
[명] throng, multitude, horde

[동] fill almost completely, leaving little or no room for movement, To press forward
[명] a large number of people gathered together in a disorganized or unruly way, A group of people congregated or collected into a close body without order

argue

[동] 논하다, 언쟁을 하다, 논의하다

[동] contend, quarrel, assert

[동] give reasons or cite evidence in support of an idea, action, or theory, typically with the aim of persuading others to share one's view, To show grounds for concluding

logically

[부] 논리상, 논리적으로, 필연적으로

[부] according to the rules of logic or formal argument, In a logical manner, with logic

consistent

[형] 일치하는, 일관된, 한결같은

[형] steady, stable, even

[형] inconsistent, erratic, irregular

[형] acting or done in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate, Compatible, accordant
[명] Objects or facts that are coexistent, or in agreement with one another, A kind of penitent who was allowed to assist at prayers, but was not permitted to receive the holy sacraments

neatly

[부] 깔끔하게, 단정하게, 말쑥하게

[부] tidily, smartly, nicely

[부] in a neat way, In a neat manner

set apart

[동] 떼어 두다, 따로 하다, 구별하다

[동] To select for a specific purpose, to be a quality that makes better than or different from other people or things — usually + from
separate something and keep it for a special purpose, to reserve to a particular use

productive

[형] 생산적인, 생산하는, 낳는

[형] prolific, fertile, inventive

[형] unproductive, barren, sterile

[형] producing or able to produce large amounts of goods, crops, or other commodities, Capable of producing something, especially in abundance

loosely

[부] 느슨하게, 헐렁하게, 헐겁게

[부] in a way that is not firmly or tightly fixed or held together, In a loose manner

a set of

behavior

belong

[동] 소속하다, 속하다, 제자리에 있다

[동] have a place, go with, be located

[동] be the property of, be due to

owing to

[전] … 때문에
때문에

[구] because of, thanks to, as a result of

[전] Because of, on account of, because of
because of or on account of

resemblance

[명] 유사, 닮음, 상사

[명] similarity, likeness, correspondence

[명] dissimilarity

[명] the state of resembling or being alike, The quality or state of resembling

phrase

[명] 구, 강조 어구, 숙어
[동] …을 말하다, 말로 나타내다, 표현하다

[명] expression, group of words, saying
[동] express, put into words, say

[명] a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause, an idiomatic or short pithy expression
[동] put into a particular form of words, to express in words or in appropriate or telling terms

have in common

공통적으로 가지고 있다

trait

[명] 특성, 특징, 특색

[명] characteristic, attribute, feature

[명] a distinguishing quality or characteristic, typically one belonging to a person, An identifying characteristic, habit or trend

consequently

[부] 그 결과로서, 그 결과, 그 결과로

[부] as a result, as a consequence, thus

[부] as a result, As a result or consequence of something

distinguish

[동] …을 구별하다, 구별하다, 식별하다

[동] differentiate, tell apart, determine

[동] recognize or treat as different, To recognize someone or something as different from others based on its characteristics

destine

agreement

[명] 약속, 일치, 협정

[명] accord, treaty, concurrence

[명] disagreement, discord, difference

[명] harmony or accordance in opinion or feeling, An understanding between entities to follow a specific course of conduct

qualify

[동] …에게 자격을 부여하다, …에게 자격을 주다, 자격을 얻다

[동] be eligible, certify, meet the requirements

[동] disqualify

[동] be entitled to a particular benefit or privilege by fulfilling a necessary condition, To describe or characterize something by listing its qualities
[명] An instance of throwing and catching each prop at least twice

in the first place

우선

as the first consideration or point, to begin with
[숙어] — used at the end of a sentence to indicate what was true or what should have been done at the beginning of a situation, — used when listing the most important parts of something or the most important reasons for something

figure out

계산해 내다, 생각해 내다, 이해하다

[동] To come to understand, discover, determine
solve a problem or discover the answer to a question, reach an understanding of a person's actions, motives, or personality

border

[명] 가, 가장자리, 국경
[동] 인접하다, 접하다, 서로 접하다

[명] edge, frontier, border
[동] surround, edge, enclose

[명] a line separating two countries, administrative divisions, or other areas, The line or frontier area separating political or geographical regions
[동] form an edge along or beside, To put a border on something

lie

[동] 눕다, 누워 있다, 거짓말을 하다
[명] 방향, 거짓말, 위치

[동] say something untrue, recline, tell an untruth
[명] untruth, falsehood, fib

[동] tell the truth, stand
[명] truth, fact

[동] be in or assume a horizontal or resting position on a supporting surface, To rest in a horizontal position on a surface
[명] the way, direction, or position in which something lies, The terrain and conditions surrounding the ball before it is struck

edge case

드문사례, 특이사례

stretch

[동] 뻗다, 늘이다, 몸을 펴다
[명] 신장, 뻗침, 뻗은 지역
[형] 신축성의, 신축성 있는, 신축 가공한

[동] be elastic, extend, be stretchy
[명] expanse, stretch, area
[형] stretchy, stretchable, elastic

[동] shorten, withdraw

[동] be made or be capable of being made longer or wider without tearing or breaking, cause to become longer or wider by pulling it
[명] an act of stretching one's limbs or body, the fact or condition of a muscle being stretched

term

[명] 용어, 말, 술어
[동] 칭하다, 이름 짓다, 명명하다

[명] word, expression, name
[동] call, name, entitle

[명] a word or phrase used to describe a thing or to express a concept, especially in a particular kind of language or branch of study, That which limits the extent of anything
[동] give a descriptive name to, To phrase a certain way

flexible

[형] 구부리기 쉬운, 신축성 있는, 굽히기 쉬운
[명] 잘 구부러지는 물질. flexible·ness 명사-bly 부사, 구부리기 쉬운, 휘어지기 쉬운

[형] pliable, supple, plastic

[형] rigid, inflexible, intransigent

[형] capable of bending easily without breaking, Capable of being flexed or bent without breaking
[명] Something that is flexible

boundary

[명] 경계, 끝, 경계표

[명] border, frontier, edge

[명] a line which marks the limits of an area, The dividing line or location between two areas

worth ~ing

exceptional

[형] 예외의, 예외적인, 이례적일 정도로 우수한

[형] unusual, remarkable, uncommon

[형] usual, average, normal

[형] unusual, Forming an exception
[명] an item in a company's accounts arising from its normal activity but much larger or smaller than usual, An exception, or something having an exceptional value

form

[명] 모양, 꼴, 종류
[동] …을 형태로 만들다, 형성하다, 형성되다

[명] shape, type, configuration
[동] make, arrange, fashion

[명] content
[동] abolish, dissolve, disappear

[명] the visible shape or configuration of something, the body or shape of a person or animal
[동] bring together parts or combine to create, go to make up or constitute
[접미사] Having the shape or form of, looking like

forum

[명] 공개 토론, 포럼, 공회의 광장

[명] meeting, assembly, conference

[명] a meeting or medium where ideas and views on a particular issue can be exchanged, A place for discussion

highlight

[명] 중요 부분, 가장 중요한 부분, 하이라이트
[동] …을 두드러지게 하다, 특히 밝게 하다, 강조하다

[명] high point, high spot, peak
[동] call attention to, emphasize, focus attention on

[명] lowest point, low point, nadir
[동] play down

[명] an outstanding part of an event or period of time, An area or a spot in a drawing, painting, or photograph that is strongly illuminated
[동] draw special attention to, To make prominent

challenge

[동] …에 도전하다, 도전하다, 이의를 제기하다
[명] 도전, 수하, 신청

[동] question, dispute, disagree with
[명] dare, provocation, summons

[동] invite to engage in a contest, To invite to take part in a competition
[명] a call to someone to participate in a competitive situation or fight to decide who is superior in terms of ability or strength, A confrontation

face

[명] 얼굴, 찌푸린 얼굴, 안면
[동] …의 쪽을 향하다, 향하다, …을 마주보다

[명] countenance, physiognomy, features
[동] look out on, look onto, front on to

[동] back on to, dodge, succumb to

[명] the front part of a person's head from the forehead to the chin, or the corresponding part in an animal, The front part of the head of a human or other animal, featuring the eyes, nose and mouth, and the surrounding area
[동] be positioned with the face or front towards, To position oneself or itself so as to have one's face closest to

establish

[동] 정착하다, 설립하다, 설치하다

[동] set up, establish, start

[동] disband, demolish, disprove

[동] set up on a firm or permanent basis, To make stable or firm

expansive

[형] 팽창성의, 팽창력 있는, 툭 트인

[형] extensive, wide, sweeping

[형] limited, restricted, uncommunicative

[형] covering a wide area in terms of space or scope, extensive

accommodate

[동] 적합하다, 순응하다, 공간을 제공하다

[동] lodge, house, accommodate

[동] hinder, deny, refuse

[동] provide lodging or sufficient space for, To render fit, suitable, or correspondent

distinct

[형] 전혀 다른, 별개의, 뚜렷한

[형] discrete, different, separate

[형] indistinct, similar, overlapping

[형] recognizably different in nature from something else of a similar type, Capable of being perceived very clearly

concern

[명] 관심사, 관계, 우려
[동] …에 관계하다, 영향을 미치다, 관계하다

[명] anxiety, worry, fear
[동] be about, worry, deal with

[명] serenity, peace of mind, indifference

[명] anxiety, That which affects one's welfare or happiness A matter of interest to someone
[동] relate to, To relate or belong to

perception

[명] 지각, 지각력, 인식

[명] discernment, awareness, appreciation

[명] the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses, The organisation, identification and interpretation of sensory information

stimuli

[명] stimulus의 복수형, STIMULUS의 복수

[명] plural of stimulus

detect

[동] 찾아내다, 발견하다, 알아내다

[동] notice, discover, become aware of

[동] discover or identify the presence or existence of, to discover or find by careful search, examination, or probing

compare A with B

principle

[명] 원리, 원칙, 공리

[명] truth, morals, principle

[명] a fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behaviour or for a chain of reasoning, a rule or belief governing one's behaviour

otherwise

[형/부] 다른, 그렇지 않으면, 다른 방법으로

[형/부] or else, apart from that, or

[형/부] in a different state or situation, Other than supposed

notice

[명] 주의, 통지, 신경씀
[동] …을 알아차리다, 주의하다, …을 의식하다

[명] attention, sign, observation
[동] observe, perceive, see

[명] oversight
[동] overlook, ignore, disregard

[명] the fact of observing or paying attention to something, The act of observing
[동] become aware of, To remark upon

just-noticeable

vary

[동] 바꾸다, 서로 다르다, 다르게 하다

[동] differ, be different, be unlike

[동] agree, be static

[동] differ in size, amount, degree, or nature from something else of the same general class, To change with time or a similar parameter

function

[명] 기능, 작용, 행사
[동] 기능을 다하다, 기능을 하다, 기능하다

[명] purpose, task, business
[동] work, go, run

[명] cause
[동] malfunction

[명] an activity that is natural to or the purpose of a person or thing, What something does or is used for
[동] work or operate in a proper or particular way, To have a function

barely

[부] 겨우, 간신히, 가까스로

[부] hardly, only just, scarcely

[부] easily, completely

[부] only just, By a small margin

sample

[명] 견본, 표본, 샘플
[동] …의 견본을 뽑다, …의 견본을 만들다, 맛보다
[형] 견본의, 실험의, 표본의

[명] specimen, example, bit
[동] try out, test, try
[형] representative, illustrative, selected

[명] a small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like, A part or snippet of something taken or presented for inspection, or shown as evidence of the quality of the whole
[동] take a sample or samples of for analysis, To take or to test a sample or samples of

benefit

[명] 이익, 혜택, 이로움
[동] …에게 도움이 되다, …의 이익이 되다, 유익하다

[명] good, sake, use
[동] be advantageous to, profit from, be beneficial to

[명] detriment, harm, disadvantage
[동] damage, harm

[명] an advantage or profit gained from something, An advantage
[동] receive an advantage, To be or to provide a benefit to

individually

[부] 개성적으로, 개인으로, 개별적으로

[부] one at a time, separately, one by one

[부] together

[부] one by one, As individuals, separately, independently

by ~ing

common

[형] 공통의, 흔한, 일반적인
[명] 공유지, 공원, 공용지

[형] ordinary, usual, common

[형] unusual, rare, important

[형] occurring, found, or done often, Mutual
[명] a piece of open land for public use, Mutual good, shared by more than one

state

[명] 상태, 단수형만으로 써서, 형편
[동] …을 진술하다, 진술하다, 말하다
[형] 정부의, 국가의, 국사에 관한

[명] condition, country, shape
[동] express, say, voice
[형] ceremonial, official, formal

[형] unofficial, private, informal

[명] the particular condition that someone or something is in at a specific time, A condition
[동] express something definitely or clearly in speech or writing, To declare to be a fact

budget

[명] 예산, 비용
[동] 예산을 세우다
[형] 저가의, 저렴한

[명] financial plan, allowance, financial estimate
[동] allocate, plan, allot
[형] cheap, inexpensive, economy

[형] expensive

[명] an estimate of income and expenditure for a set period of time, The amount of money or resources earmarked for a particular institution, activity or timeframe
[동] allow or provide a particular amount of money in a budget, To construct or draw up a budget
[형] inexpensive, Of or relating to a budget

amount

[명] 총계, 총액, 액수
[동] 총계 …에 달하다, 총계가 …에 이르다, 총계에 이르다

[명] quantity, number, lot

[명] a quantity of something, especially the total of a thing or things in number, size, value, or extent, The total, aggregate or sum of material
[동] come to be when added together, To total or evaluate

traffic

[명] 차량들, 교통, 운항
[형] 혼잡한

[명] vehicles, transport, traffic
[동] trade, deal, market

[명] vehicles moving on a public highway, Moving pedestrians or vehicles, or the flux or passage thereof
[동] deal or trade in something illegal, To pass goods and commodities from one person to another for an equivalent in goods or money

too ~ to v

support

[동] 지탱하다, 받치다, 지지하다
[명] 지지, 받침, 버팀
[형] 부드러운 소재로 만들어진, 유연성 있는 소재로 된

[동] hold up, help, bear
[명] pillar, furtherance, post

[동] neglect, oppose, abandon
[명] opposition, antagonist

[동] bear all or part of the weight of, To keep from falling
[명] a thing that bears the weight of something or keeps it upright, Something which supports

traffic jam

overcrowding

[명] 초만원, 콩나물 시루, 과밀
[형] 들어갈 수 없을 만큼 초만원의, 입추의 여지 없는

[명] the presence of more people or things in a space than is comfortable, safe, or permissible, The situation where a space holds more occupants than it can comfortably accommodate
[동] present participle of overcrowd

lessen

[동] 줄다

[동] reduce, make less, lower

[동] increase, magnify, grow

[동] make or become less, diminish

tragedy

[명] 비극, 비극적 사건, 비극의 여신

[명] disaster, calamity, catastrophe

[명] fortune, joy, comedy

[명] an event causing great suffering, destruction, and distress, such as a serious accident, crime, or natural catastrophe, A drama or similar work, in which the main character is brought to ruin or otherwise suffers the extreme consequences of some tragic flaw or weakness of character

expand

[동] 확장하다, 넓히다, 확대되다

[동] increase in size, get bigger, become larger

[동] shrink, contract, reduce

[동] become or make larger or more extensive, To change from a smaller form or size to a larger one

provide

[동] …에게 주다, 대주다, 제공하다

[동] supply, give, issue

[동] refuse, withhold, deprive

[동] make available for use, To make a living

additional

[형] 부가적인, 추가의, 증가의
[명] 부가물, 과외 강의, 과외 과목

[형] extra, added, more

[형] added, extra, or supplementary to what is already present or available, Supplemental or added to something
[명] Something added

isolation

[명] 고립, 격리, 분리

[명] separation, segregation, withdrawal

[명] contact, accessibility

[명] the process or fact of isolating or being isolated, The state of being isolated, detached, or separated

fellow

[명] 녀석, 동료, 동년배
[형] 같은 처지에 있는, 동료의

[명] man, boy, person

[명] a man or boy, A companion
[형] sharing a particular activity, quality, or condition with someone or something
[동] To suit with, to pair with

competing

[동] take part, contend, compete

[형] striving against one another to gain or win something, Being in the state of competition
[동] present participle of compete

so v S

dynamic

[형] 동력의, 정력적인, 활동적인
[명] 힘, 역학, 동력

[형] energetic, spirited, active

[형] half-hearted, apathetic, lethargic

[형] characterized by constant change, activity, or progress, relating to forces producing motion Often contrasted with static
[명] a force that stimulates change or progress within a system or process, another term for dynamics

crash

[동] 부서지다, 와지끈 부서지다, 충돌하다
[명] 요란한 소리, 와르르, 사고
[형] 긴급을 요하는, 단기 집중적인, 속성의

[동] smash into, fall, crash
[명] accident, collision, smash
[형] intensive, concentrated, telescoped

[형] extensive

[동] collide violently with an obstacle or another vehicle, To collide with something destructively, fall or come down violently
[명] a violent collision, typically of one vehicle with another or with an object, A sudden, intense, loud sound, as made for example by cymbals
[형] done rapidly or urgently and involving a concentrated effort, Quick, fast, intensive, impromptu

tragic

[형] 비극의, 비극적인, 비장한
[명] 비극적 요소

[형] disastrous, distressing, calamitous

[형] fortunate, lucky, happy

[형] causing or characterized by extreme distress or sorrow, Causing great sadness or suffering
[명] a boring or socially inept person, typically having an obsessive and solitary interest, James Macsmith "General Russell Crowe and his Rabbitoh minions" CNN Travel:

destruction

[명] 파괴, 파기, 살인

[명] demolition, ruin, knocking down

[명] the action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired, The act of destroying

degeneration

[명] 퇴보, 타락, 악화

[명] deterioration, decline, decay

[명] improvement

[명] the state or process of being or becoming degenerate, The process or state of growing worse, or the state of having become worse

regenerate

[동] 다시 나다, 재생하다, 재건하다
[형] 재생한, 새 생명을 얻은, 새로 난
[명] 재생물, 새로 태어난 사람, 갱생한 사람

[동] revive, renew, revitalize

[동] degenerate

[동] grow after loss or damage, To construct or create anew, especially in an improved manner
[형] reformed or reborn, especially in a spiritual or moral sense, Spiritually reborn
[명] one that is regenerated: such as, an individual who is spiritually reborn

theoretically

[부] 이론으로, 이론상, 공론으로

[부] in a way that relates to the theory of a subject or area of study rather than its practical application, in theory

capacity

[명] 수용력, 용량, 용적
[형] 최대한의, 더 이상 수용할 수 없는, 더 이상 수용할 수 없을 정도의

[명] volume, ability, cubic measure

[명] inability

[명] the maximum amount that something can contain, The ability to hold, receive or absorb
[형] Filling the allotted space, equaling maximum capacity

store

[명] 가게, 백화점, 상점
[동] …을 비축하다, 공급하다, 저장하다
[형] 비축된, 축적된, 가게에서 파는

[명] supply, shop, stock
[동] keep, put by, keep in reserve

[동] use, discard

[명] a quantity or supply of something kept for use as needed, A place where items may be accumulated or routinely kept
[동] keep or accumulate for future use, To keep while not in use, generally in a place meant for that purpose

throughout

[전] …도처에, …의 구석구석까지, 도처에
[부] 전부, 도처에, 완전히

[전] right through, all through, everywhere in
[부] from start to finish, right through, the whole time

[전] in every part of, all the way from one end to the other of
[부] in every part of a place or object, In every part

reach

[동] …에 닿다, …에 도착하다, …에 이르다
[명] 손을 내뻗기, 미치는 범위, 거리

[동] stretch out, arrive at, hold out
[명] grasp, range, capabilities

[동] stretch out an arm in a specified direction in order to touch or grasp something, To extend, stretch, or thrust out
[명] an act of reaching out with one's arm, The act of stretching or extending

quality

[명] 질, 특성, 품질
[형] 상류의, 상질의, 고급의

[명] standard, grade, standing

[명] the standard of something as measured against other things of a similar kind, Level of excellence
[형] of good quality, Being of good worth, well made, fit for purpose

offset

[명] 상쇄하는 것, 상쇄한 것, 상쇄
[동] 갈라져 나오다, 차감 계산하다, 상쇄하다
[형] 오프셋의, 오프셋 인쇄의, 한쪽으로 치우친

[동] counterbalance, cancel out, balance

[명] a consideration or amount that diminishes or balances the effect of an opposite one, the amount or distance by which something is out of line
[동] counteract by having an equal and opposite force or effect, place out of line

demand

[명] 요구, 청구, 일
[동] …을 요구하다, 요구하다, 강요하다

[명] request, call, order
[동] call for, request, ask for

[동] provide

[명] an insistent and peremptory request, made as of right, The desire to purchase goods and services
[동] ask authoritatively or brusquely, To request forcefully

associated with

~와 관련된

retrieve

[동] 찾아서 가져오다, 사냥감을 찾아서 물어오다, 되찾아오다
[명] 되찾기, 회복, 만회

[동] get back, recover, regain

[동] get or bring back from somewhere, find and bring back
[명] an act of retrieving something, especially game that has been shot, an act of reeling or drawing in a fishing line

efficient

[형] 능률적인, 효과가 있는, 효과를 내는

[형] well organized, effective, methodical

[형] inefficient, disorganized, incompetent

[형] achieving maximum productivity with minimum wasted effort or expense, making good, thorough, or careful use of resources

strategy

[명] 용병학, 전략, 계획

[명] master plan, policy, grand design

[명] a plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim, The science and art of military command as applied to the overall planning and conduct of warfare

be dependent on

~에 의존하다

shortcut

[명] 지름길, 손쉬운 방법, 가장 가까운 길
[형] 손쉬운, 간단한

[명] an alternative route that is shorter than the one usually taken, Alternative spelling of shortcut

observe

[동] …을 보다, 관찰하다, 말하다

[동] notice, watch, see

[동] overlook, disregard, fail to see

[동] notice or perceive and register it as being significant, To notice or view, especially carefully or with attention to detail
[명] An observation

capture

[동] …을 붙잡다, 붙잡다, 포로로 잡다
[명] 포획, 생포, 나포

[동] catch, apprehend, arrest
[명] arrest, apprehension, catching

[동] free, release
[명] freedom, escape

[동] take into one's possession or control by force, To take control of
[명] the action of capturing or of being captured, An act of capturing

variable

[형] 변하기 쉬운, 변동이 심한, 변화이 심한
[명] 변화하는 것, 변수, 변화하는 물건

[형] changeable, variable, changing

[형] constant, uniform

[형] not consistent or having a fixed pattern, Able to vary or be varied
[명] an element, feature, or factor that is liable to vary or change, Something that is variable

depending on

…에 따라

according to

point of view

[명] 관점, 견지, 입장
관점, 입장, 견지

[구] opinion, view, attitude

[명] a particular attitude or way of considering a matter, the narrator's position in relation to a story being told

condition

[명] 상태, 조건, 사정
[동] …을 알맞은 상태로 하다, 조건을 붙이다, 길들이다

[명] state, shape, order
[동] constrain, train, control

[명] the state of something with regard to its appearance, quality, or working order, A logical clause or phrase that a conditional statement uses The phrase can either be true or false
[동] have a significant influence on or determine, To subject to the process of acclimation

contextual

[형] 전후 관계상의, 전후 관계의, 맥락과 관련된

[형] depending on or relating to the circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, Of, pertaining to, or depending on the context of information

nevertheless

[부] 그럼에도 불구하고, 그렇기는 하지만, 그래도

[부] in spite of that/everything, even so, nonetheless

[부] in spite of that, In spite of what preceded

underlying

[형] 밑에 있는, 근본적인, 밑에 깔린

[형] fundamental, basic, basal

[형] subordinate, overt

[형] significant as a cause or basis of something but not necessarily manifest or obvious, lying underneath
[동] present participle of underlie
[명] The entity from whose performance a derivative derives its value

identity

[명] 동일함, 신원, 아주 꼭 같음

[명] name, individuality, specification

[명] mismatch

[명] the fact of being who or what a person or thing is, Sameness, identicalness

focus on

~에 주력하다, 초점을 맞추다

detail

[명] 세부, 세부 사항, 부분
[동] …을 상술하다, 상술하다, 상세히 알리다

[명] particular, point, feature
[동] present, list, describe

[명] outline, overview, salient point
[동] outline

[명] an individual fact or item, Something small enough to escape casual notice
[동] give full information about, To explain in detail

visualization

[명] 눈에 보이게 하기, 눈에 보이게 함, 눈에 보이도록 하기

[명] the representation of an object, situation, or set of information as a chart or other image, The act of visualizing, or something visualized

general

[형] 일반적인, 보통의, 대강의
[명] 장군

[형] widespread, general, common

[형] restricted, individual, localized

[형] affecting or concerning all or most people or things, Including or involving every part or member of a given or implied entity, whole etc
[명] a commander of an army, or an army officer of very high rank, A general fact or proposition
[동] To lead as a general

allow for

…을 위해 감안하다, …으로 잡아두다, …을 고려하다

[동] To take into account when making plans, to think about or plan for

recognition

[명] 알아보기, 인식, 알아봄

[명] identification, recollection, recall

[명] identification of someone or something or person from previous encounters or knowledge, The act of recognizing or the condition of being recognized

diverse

[형] 가지가지의, 다른 종류의, 다양한

[형] various, many and various, mixed

[형] similar, uniform

[형] showing a great deal of variety, Consisting of many different elements
[부] In different directions, diversely

circumstance

[명] 상황, 주위의 사정, 환경
[동] …을 두다, 어떤 상황에 두다, 사정에 놓이게 하다

[명] condition, situation, scenario

[명] a fact or condition connected with or relevant to an event or action, Something which is related to, or in some way affects, a fact or event
[동] To place in a particular situation, especially with regard to money or other resources

match

[동] …에 필적하다, 어울리다, 대등하다
[명] 성냥, 경기, 짝

[동] go with, correspond with, coordinate with
[명] contest, game, competition

[동] correspond or cause to correspond in some essential respect, To agree
[명] a contest in which people or teams compete against each other in a particular sport, A competitive sporting event such as a boxing meet, a baseball game, or a cricket match

serve as

…의 역할을 하다

optimize

[동] 낙관하다, …을 최대한 좋게 만들다, 최고로 활용하다

[동] make the best or most effective use of, To act optimistically or as an optimist

unnecessary

[형] 불필요한, 없어도 좋은, 무용의
[명] 불필요한 것, 불필요한 물건, 중요하지 않은 것

[형] unneeded, needless, excessive

[형] necessary, essential, useful

[형] not needed, Not needed or necessary
[명] unnecessary things

constantly

[부] 변함없이, 끊임없이, 항상

[부] always, continuously, all the time

[부] occasionally, sometimes

[부] continuously over a period of time, With steadfastness

seek

[동] …을 찾다, 찾다, 찾으러 가다
[명] 탐색, 목표물 탐색, 목표 검지추미

[동] search for, look for, try to find

[동] attempt to find, To try to find
[명] The operation of navigating through a stream

facilitate

[동] …을 용이하게 하다, 용이하게 하다, 가능하게 하다

[동] make easy/easier, further, ease

[동] impede, hinder

[동] make easy or easier, To make easy or easier

cognitive

[형] 인식의, 인식에 의한, 인식력 있는

[형] relating to the process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses, Relating to the part of mental functions that deals with logic, as opposed to affective which deals with emotions

explanatory

[형] 설명하는, 설명적인, 이유를 밝히는

[형] explaining, descriptive, interpretive

[형] serving to explain something, Intended to serve as an explanation

tale

[명] 이야기, 설화, 소설

[명] story, short story, narrative

[명] a fictitious or true narrative or story, especially one that is imaginatively recounted, An account of an asserted fact or circumstance
[동] To reckon, consider to have something

adhere

[동] 들러붙다, 달라붙다, 붙다

[동] stick, stick fast, cling

[동] flout, ignore

[동] stick fast to, To stick fast or cleave, as a glutinous substance does

closely

[부] 가까이, 접근하여, 꼭

[부] with little or no space or time in between, in a narrowly enclosed way

illuminate

[동] 조명 장식을 하다, 밝아지다, 비추다
[형] 비추어진, 계몽된, 교화된
[명] 예지를 터득한 사람, 지혜를 터득했다고 자칭하는 사람, 예지력을 터득한 사람

[동] light, light up, throw light on

[동] darken, conceal, obscure

[동] make visible or bright by shining light on it, To shine light on something
[형] brightened with light, intellectually or spiritually enlightened
[명] Someone thought to have an unusual degree of enlightenment

regular

[형] 통상의, 정기적인, 규칙적인
[명] 단골, 정규병, 단골손님
[부] 정기적으로, 규칙적으로, 규칙 바르게

[형] uniform, frequent, even

[형] irregular, infrequent, erratic

[형] arranged in or constituting a constant or definite pattern, especially with the same space between individual instances, Bound by religious rule
[명] a regular customer, member of a team, etc, A member of the British Army
[부] Regularly, on a regular basis

predictable

[형] 예언할 수 있는, 예측할 수 있는, 예언 할 수 있는

[형] foreseeable, likely, predictable

[형] unpredictable

[형] able to be predicted, always behaving or occurring in the way expected

feature

[명] 특징, 특색, 얼굴의 생김새
[동] …의 특징을 그리다, 특색으로 삼다, 특별히 포함하다

[명] characteristic, aspect, attribute
[동] present, spotlight, promote

[명] a distinctive attribute or aspect of something, An important or main item
[동] have as a prominent attribute or aspect, To ascribe the greatest importance to something within a certain context

conceal

[동] 숨기다, 감추다, 비밀로 하다

[동] hide, keep out of sight, bury

[동] reveal, expose, show

[동] not allow to be seen, hide

load

[동] 짐을 싣다, 싣다, 장전하다
[명] 짐, 적재 하물, 적화
저공 방위

[동] fill, fill up, stuff
[명] cargo, freight, lading

[동] unload, remove
[명] few

[동] fill with a large amount of something, To put a load on or in
[명] a heavy or bulky thing that is being carried or is about to be carried, A burden

element

[명] 요소, 원소, 기본 요소

[명] component, constituent, part

[명] an essential or characteristic part of something abstract, One of the simplest or essential parts or principles of which anything consists, or upon which the constitution or fundamental powers of anything are based

construction

[명] 건설, 건조, 공사

[명] building, erection, assembly

[명] the action of building something, typically a large structure, The process of constructing

evidence

[명] 증거, 분명함, 근거
[동] …을 명시하다, 증명하다, 증언하다

[명] proof, confirmation, grounds
[동] indicate, show, prove

[동] disprove

[명] the available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid, Facts or observations presented in support of an assertion
[동] be or show evidence of, To provide evidence for, or suggest the truth of

relate

[동] …을 이야기하다, 이야기하다, 관련시키다

[동] tell, recount, narrate

[동] make or show a connection between, To tell in a descriptive way

chronology

[명] 연대학, 연대순 배열, 연대순

[명] the arrangement of events or dates in the order of their occurrence, the science of determining the order in which events occurred

construct

[명] 건조물, 생각, 구조물
[동] 조립하다, 건설하다, 세우다

[동] build, erect, make

[동] demolish

[명] an idea or theory containing various conceptual elements, typically one considered to be subjective and not based on empirical evidence, Something constructed from parts
[동] build or make, To build or form by assembling parts

framework

[명] 구조물, 틀 구조, 뼈대
[동] …에 접붙이다, 접붙이다, 높이 접붙이다

[명] frame, system, substructure

[명] an essential supporting structure of a building, vehicle, or object, A support structure comprising joined parts or conglomerated particles and intervening open spaces of similar or larger size

systematically

[부] 조직적으로, 분류법에 근거하여, 정연하게

[부] according to a fixed plan or system, In an organized manner

particular

[형] 하나하나의, 특별한, 특정한
[명] 개개의 일, 사항, 자세한 사실

[형] specific, certain, special
[명] detail, item, fact

[형] general, ordinary, indiscriminate

[형] used to single out an individual member of a specified group or class, Specific
[명] a detail, A small individual part of something larger

sort

[명] 종류, 부류, 질
[동] …을 분류하다, 분류하다, 구분하다

[명] type, kind, variety
[동] classify, arrange, class

[명] a category of things or people with a common feature, A general type
[동] arrange systematically in groups, To separate items into different categories according to certain criteria that determine their sorts

inspire

[동] …을 분발하게 하다, 고무하다, 생기 띠게 하다

[동] stimulate, motivate, move

[동] extinguish, discourage

[동] fill with the urge or ability to do or feel something, especially to do something creative, To infuse into the mind

prove

[동] …을 증명하다, 입증하다, 시험하다

[동] demonstrate, turn out, show

[동] disprove

[동] demonstrate the truth or existence of by evidence or argument, To demonstrate that something is true or viable
[명] The process of dough proofing

analyze

neglect

[동] 무시하다, 방치하다, 게을리하다
[명] 태만, 방치, 소홀

[동] fail to look after, disregard, fail to care for
[명] disrepair, negligence, dilapidation

[동] cherish, look after, care for
[명] care, attention

[동] fail to care for properly, To fail to care for or attend to something
[명] the state of being uncared for, The act of neglecting

contribution

[명] 기부, 기부금, 공헌

[명] donation, gift, offering

[명] a gift or payment to a common fund or collection, Something given or offered that adds to a larger whole

treat A as B

interpretive

[형] =interpretative. interpretive·ly 부사

straightforward

[형] 똑바른, 간단한, 똑바로 향한
[부] 똑바로, 솔직하게, 정직하게

[형] uncomplicated, simple, easy

[형] complicated, difficult, devious

[형] uncomplicated and easy to do or understand, Proceeding in a straight course or manner
[부] In a straightforward manner, straightforwards

including

[전] …을 포함하여, …을 포함시켜, …도 합쳐서

[전] which include, containing, inclusive of

[전] excluding

[전] containing as part of the whole being considered

blind

[형] 눈이 먼, 눈먼, 맹인의
[명] 가리는 것, 블라인드, 가리는 물건
[동] …을 눈멀게 하다, 눈멀게 하다, 눈이 멀게 만들다

[형] visually impaired, sightless, unsighted
[명] screen, shade, louvre
[동] make blind, deprive of sight, deprive of vision

[형] sighted, perceptive, aware
[동] reveal

[형] unable to see because of injury, disease, or a congenital condition, Unable to see, due to physiological or neurological factors
[명] a screen for a window, especially one on a roller or made of slats, A covering for a window to keep out light The covering may be made of cloth or of narrow slats that can block light or allow it to pass
[동] cause to be unable to see, permanently or temporarily, To make temporarily or permanently blind

limitation

[명] 제한, 한정, 국한

[명] restriction, curb, control

[명] extension, increase, strength

[명] a limiting rule or circumstance, The act of limiting or the state of being limited

fail to v

note

[명] 각서, 기록, 메모
[동] …을 써두다, 적어 두다, …에 주목하다

[명] record, message, account
[동] bear in mind, notice, be mindful of

[동] ignore, disregard

[명] a brief record of points or ideas written down as an aid to memory, A symbol or annotation
[동] notice or pay particular attention to, To notice with care

potential

[명] 가능성, 가능, 잠재력
[형] 발전 가능성이 있는, 가능한, 가능성이 있는

[명] possibilities, ability, potentiality
[형] possible, likely, future

[명] latent qualities or abilities that may be developed and lead to future success or usefulness, Currently unrealized ability
[형] having or showing the capacity to develop into something in the future, Existing in possibility, not in actuality

misunderstand

[동] …을 오해하다, 오해하다, 오해를 하다

[동] misapprehend, misinterpret, misunderstand

[동] grasp, understand correctly, get the right idea

[동] fail to interpret or understand correctly, fail to interpret or understand the words or actions of correctly

situation

[명] 장소, 위치, 상황

[명] circumstances, position, set of circumstances

[명] a set of circumstances in which one finds oneself, The combination of circumstances at a given moment

apply

[동] 적용하다, 대다, 신청하다

[동] put in an application, request, put in

[동] make a formal application or request, To lay or place
[형] Alternative spelling of appley

encounter

[명] 뜻밖의 만남, 마주침, 만남
[동] …과 우연히 만나다, 만나다, 맞닥뜨리다

[명] meeting, chance meeting, brush
[동] meet, experience, meet by chance

[명] an unexpected or casual meeting with someone or something, A meeting, especially one that is unplanned or unexpected
[동] unexpectedly be faced with or experience, To meet or find , especially unexpectedly

contrary

[형] 반대인, 반대의, ~와는 다른
[명] 반대, 정반대, 반대되는 것
[동] …에 반대하다, 반박하다

[형] opposite, opposing, different
[명] opposite, reverse, converse

[형] compatible, in agreement, same

[형] opposite in nature, direction, or meaning, Opposite
[명] the opposite, a fact or condition incompatible with another
[부] Contrarily, contrariwise, contrarily

claim

[동] …을 요구하다, 요구하다, 주장하다
[명] 요구, 주장, 청구

[동] assert, declare, insist
[명] assertion, declaration, statement

[동] state or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof, To demand ownership of
[명] an assertion that something is true, A demand of ownership made for something

literature

[명] 문예, 문학, 문헌

[명] written works, writings, letters

[명] written works, especially those considered of superior or lasting artistic merit, The body of all written works

theorist

[명] 이론가, 이론을 세우는 사람, 학설을 세우는 사람

[명] a person concerned with the theoretical aspects of a subject, Someone who constructs theories, especially in the arts or sciences

encourage

[동] …에게 용기를 북돋워 주다, …의 용기를 북돋우다, 격려하다

[동] hearten, inspire, cheer

[동] discourage, dissuade, hinder

[동] give support, confidence, or hope to, To mentally support

solitary

[형] 혼자의, 혼자 하는, 혼자뿐인
[명] 독신자, 혼자 사는 사람, 독거자

[형] lonely, unsociable, solitary
[명] loner, lone wolf, introvert

[형] sociable, accessible, busy

[형] done or existing alone, Living or being by oneself
[명] a recluse or hermit, One who lives alone, or in solitude

reflection

[명] 반사, 상, 반향

[명] sending back, image, throwing back

[명] absorption

[명] an image seen in a mirror or shiny surface, The act of reflecting or the state of being reflected

engage with

…와 맞물리게 하다

[동] to give serious attention to, to become involved with

counter

[명] 계산대, 역, 세는 사람
[동] 반대하다, 반박하다, 거스르다
[부] 반대 방향으로, ~의 반대 방향에서, 정반대로

[명] worktop, work surface, worktable
[동] parry, oppose, hit back at
[부] against, opposite to, in opposition to

[동] support, yield
[부] in accordance with
[형] complementary, similar

[명] a long flat-topped fitment across which business is conducted in a shop or bank or refreshments are served in a cafeteria, One who counts
[동] speak or act in opposition to, To contradict, oppose
[부] in the opposite direction or in opposition to, Contrary, in opposition

at best

기껏

taking the most optimistic view, In the most favorable of conditions
[숙어] — used to refer to a result, condition, etc., that is the best one possible even though it is not very good

detachment

[명] 분리, 무심함, 초탈

[명] objectivity, indifference, dispassion

[명] bias, involvement, attachment

[명] the state of being objective or aloof, The action of detaching

appreciation

[명] 평가하기, 진가, 감탄

[명] gratitude, admiration, thanks

[명] ingratitude, unawareness, ignorance

[명] recognition and enjoyment of the good qualities of someone or something, A fair valuation or estimate of merit, worth, weight, etc

complexity

[명] 복잡, 복잡성, 복잡함

[명] complication, problem, involvement

[명] simplicity

[명] the state or quality of being intricate or complicated, The state of being complex

at worst

in the most serious case, If the worst possible alternative happens
[숙어] — used to refer to a result, condition, etc., that is the worst one possible

passivity

[명] 수동성, 소극성, 비활동

[명] acceptance of what happens, without active response or resistance, the state of inactivity of a metal made unreactive by a thin inert surface layer of oxide

acceptance

[명] 받아들임, 수납, 수락

[명] receipt, accepting, receiving

[명] the action of consenting to receive or undertake something offered, a draft or bill of exchange that is accepted by being signed

on the other hand

다른 한편으로는, 반면에

used to introduce a contrasting point of view, fact, or situation, From another point of view
[숙어] — used to introduce a statement that contrasts with a previous statement or presents a different point of view — often used after a statement introduced with on the one hand

promote

[동] 촉진하다, 증진하다, 진급시키다

[동] advance, help, upgrade

[동] demote, impede, obstruct

[동] support or actively encourage, To raise to a more important, responsible, or remunerative job or rank

question

[명] 물음, 질문, 의문
[동] 질문하다, 질문을 하다, …에게 질문하다

[명] enquiry, inquiry, question
[동] interrogate, question, ask questions of

[명] answer, response, certainty
[동] accept

[명] a sentence worded or expressed so as to elicit information, A sentence, phrase or word which asks for information, reply or response
[동] ask questions, especially in an official context, To ask questions of

authority

[명] 권위, 지휘권, 권력

[명] power, powers that be, jurisdiction

[명] the power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience, The power to enforce rules or give orders

arrangement

[명] 정돈, 준비, 정리

[명] positioning, plan, disposition

[명] the action, process, or result of arranging or being arranged, The act of arranging

Plato

ban

[명] 총독, 반, 금지
[동] 금하다, ~에게 ~을 금하다

[명] prohibition, veto, block
[동] prohibit, forbid, black

[명] permission, admission
[동] permit, admit

[명] an official or legal prohibition, Prohibition
[동] officially or legally prohibit, To anathematize

poet

[명] 시인, 가인, 시인 기질의 사람

[명] verse writer, bard, versifier

[명] a person who writes poems, one who writes poetry

ideal

[명] 이상, 최고 수준, 완전무결
[형] 이상적인, 이상의, 최상의

[명] perfection, principle, paragon
[형] perfect, best possible, best

[형] bad, imperfect, concrete

[명] a person or thing regarded as perfect, A perfect standard of beauty, intellect etc., or a standard of excellence to aim at
[형] satisfying one's conception of what is perfect, Optimal

republic

[명] 공화국, 공화 정체, 공화정체

[명] republic, kingdom, empire

[명] a state in which supreme power is held by the people and their elected representatives, and which has an elected or nominated president rather than a monarch, A state where sovereignty rests with the people or their representatives, rather than with a monarch or emperor

do harm

credit

[명] 신용, 신뢰, 신용 거래
[동] …을 믿다, 믿다, 입금하다
[형] 신용의, 신용 거래의, 외상 판매의

[명] praise, commendation, honour
[동] believe, accept, rely on

[동] disbelieve

[명] the ability of a customer to obtain goods or services before payment, based on the trust that payment will be made in the future, Reliance on the truth of something said or done
[동] publicly acknowledge a contributor's role in the production of, To believe

dissatisfied

[형] 만족하지 않은, 불만스러운, 불만스러워 하는

[형] discontented, malcontent, frustrated

[형] satisfied, contented

[형] not content or happy with something, Feeling or displaying disappointment or a lack of contentment
[동] simple past tense and past participle of dissatisfy

eager

[형] 열망하는, 열렬한, 갈망하는

[형] keen, anxious, enthusiastic

[형] apathetic, unenthusiastic, uninterested

[형] strongly wanting to do or have something, Desirous
[명] Alternative form of eagre

identification

[명] 동일시하는 것, 동일함, 신원 확인

[명] recognition, discovery, singling out

[명] the action or process of identifying someone or something or the fact of being identified, The act of identifying, or proving to be the same

division

[명] 나누기, 분할, 나눔

[명] dividing, separation, dividing up

[명] integration, unity

[명] the action of separating something into parts or the process of being separated, The act or process of dividing anything

class

[명] 종류, 학급, 부류
[동] …을 분류하다, 분류하다, …의 등급을 정하다
[형] 계급의, 계급적인, 클래스의

[명] category, group, grade
[동] classify, categorize, group
[형] excellent, very good, first-rate

[명] a set or category of things having some property or attribute in common and differentiated from others by kind, type, or quality, A group, collection, category or set sharing characteristics or attributes
[동] assign or regard as belonging to a particular category, To assign to a class
[형] showing stylish excellence

gender

[명] 성, 성별, 성 구분
[동] 낳다, 생기다

[명] the male sex or the female sex, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences rather than biological ones, or one of a range of other identities that do not correspond to established ideas of male and female, A division of nouns and pronouns into masculine or feminine, and sometimes other categories like neuter or common, and animate or inanimate
[동] To assign a gender to, to perceive as having a gender

race

[명] 경주, 생강의 뿌리, 인종
[동] 경주하다, 경쟁하다, 참가하다
[형] 인종의, 민족의, 인종과 관련된

[명] contest, competition, relay
[동] compete, compete against, take part in a race

[명] a competition between runners, horses, vehicles, etc. to see which is the fastest in covering a set course, A contest between people, animals, vehicles, etc. where the goal is to be the first to reach some objective Example: Several horses run in a horse race, and the first one to reach the finishing post wins
[동] compete with another or others to see who is fastest at covering a set course or achieving an objective, To take part in a race

fellowship

[명] 친구임, 동료 의식, 유대감
[동] 회원이 되다, 회원으로 가입시키다, 회원이 되게 하다

[명] companionship, society, companionability

[명] friendly association, especially with people who share one's interests, A company of people that share the same interest or aim
[동] To admit to fellowship, enter into fellowship with, to join in fellowship especially with a church member

discourages

struggle

[동] 발버둥치다, 투쟁하다, 몸부림치다
[명] 싸움, 발버둥질, 투쟁

[동] strive, try hard, labour
[명] endeavour, problem, striving

[동] make forceful or violent efforts to get free of restraint or constriction, To strive, to labour in difficulty, to fight , to contend
[명] a forceful or violent effort to get free of restraint or resist attack, A contortion of the body in an attempt to escape or to perform a difficult task

keen

[형] 날카로운, 간절히 …하고 싶은, 예리한
[동] 슬퍼하며 울다, 애끊는 소리로 울부짖다, 통곡하다
[명] 장례식 노래, 애가, 곡

[형] eager, anxious, earnest
[동] lament, mourn, cry

[형] reluctant, unenthusiastic, apathetic

[형] having or showing eagerness or enthusiasm, Often with a prepositional phrase, or with to and an infinitive: showing a quick and ardent responsiveness or willingness
[동] wail in grief for a dead person, To make cold, to sharpen
[명] an Irish funeral song accompanied by wailing in lamentation for the dead, A prolonged wail for a deceased person

injustice

[명] 부정, 불법, 불평등

[명] unfairness, unjustness, discrimination

[명] justice

[명] lack of fairness or justice, Absence of justice

progressive

[형] 진보적인, 전진하는, 진보하는
[명] 진보론자, 진보주의자, 진보당

[형] continuing, enlightened, continuous
[명] innovator, reformer, reformist

[형] conservative, reactionary

[형] happening or developing gradually or in stages, Favouring or promoting progress
[명] an advocate of social reform, A person who actively favors or strives for progress towards improved conditions, as in society or government

revulsion

[명] 급변, 극도의 불쾌감, 혐오감

[명] disgust, repulsion, loathing

[명] delight, liking

[명] a sense of disgust and loathing, Abhorrence, a sense of loathing, intense aversion, repugnance, repulsion, horror

slavery

[명] 노예의 신분, 노예, 노예 신세
[형] 군침 흘리는, 침을 흘리는, 침으로 더러워진

[명] bondage, enslavement, servitude

[명] freedom, liberty, emancipation

[명] the state of being a slave, An institution or social practice of owning human beings as property, especially for use as forced laborers
[형] Covered in slaver, slobbery

being

[명] 존재, 실재, 실존
[동] be의 현재분사·동명사, …되고 있는 중, BE의 현재 분사
[형] 존재하고 있는, 존재하는, 현재의

[명] existence, individual, living

[명] non-existence, nonexistence

[명] existence, A living creature
[동] present participle of be
[접] Given that, since

morally

[부] 도덕적으로, 도덕상, 바르게

[부] with reference to the principles of right and wrong behaviour, In terms of morals or ethics

in spite of

…에도 불구하고

without being affected by the particular factor mentioned, in defiance or contempt of
[숙어] without being prevented by — used to say that something happens or is true even though there is something that might prevent it from happening or being true
[전] Despite, irrespective of, notwithstanding

instinct

[명] 본능, 타고난 행동 경향, 생득적인 행동 성향
[형] 가득찬, 가득 찬, 발랄한

[명] natural tendency, natural inclination, instinct

[명] an innate, typically fixed pattern of behaviour in animals in response to certain stimuli, A natural or inherent impulse or behaviour
[형] imbued or filled with, Imbued, charged

existence

[명] 존재, 실재, 존재 사실

[명] actuality, reality, being

[명] non-existence

[명] the fact or state of living or having objective reality, The state of being, existing, or occurring

hence

[부] 따라서, 그러므로, 이런 이유로
[명] 저 세상, 장래, 미래

[부] in consequence, therefore, consequently

[부] as a consequence, from here, from this place, away1599-1601, William Shakespeare, The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, Act 4, Scene 1:
[감탄] Begone!

morality

[명] 도덕, 윤리학, 도의

[명] ethics, virtue, rights and wrongs

[명] immorality

[명] principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour, Recognition of the distinction between good and evil or between right and wrong

liberty

[명] 자유, 해방, 석방
리버티

[명] freedom, independence, sovereignty

[명] constraint, restraint, dependence

[명] A surname, the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behaviour, or political views
city in northwestern Missouri north-northeast of Kansas City population 29,149

application

[명] 적용, 지원, 이용

[명] request, appeal, claim

[명] a formal request to be considered for a position or to be allowed to do or have something, submitted to an authority, institution, or organization, The act of applying or laying on, in a literal sense

sovereign power

주권

namely

[부] 다시 말하면, 즉, 환언하면

[부] that is, specifically, that is to say

[부] that is to say, Specifically

emerge

[동] 나오다, 나타나다, 드러나다

[동] come out, appear, come into view

[동] disappear, withdraw

[동] move out of or away from something and become visible, To come into view
[명] Alternative spelling of emerg

nasty

[형] 끔찍한, 형편없는, 못된
[명] 불쾌한 것, 해로운 것

[형] unpleasant, disagreeable, ugly

[형] nice, pleasant, delightful

[형] very bad or unpleasant, Dirty, filthy
[명] an unpleasant or harmful person or thing, Something nasty
[접미사] relating to a nastic change

*brutish

indeed

[부] 실로, 정말, 참으로
[감탄] 그래요, 저런, 흥!

[부] as expected, certainly, to be sure

[부] moderately, slightly, by no means

[부] used to emphasize a statement or response confirming something already suggested, Truly
[감탄] Indicates emphatic agreement, With interrogative intonation indicates serious doubt

in other words

다시 말해서

expressed in a different way, that is to say

antisocial

[형] 비사교적인, 반사회적인, 반 사회적인
[명] 비사교적인 사람

[형] objectionable, unsociable, offensive

[형] sociable, gregarious

[형] contrary to the laws and customs of society, in a way that causes annoyance and disapproval in others, Alternative spelling of antisocial

rational

[형] 도리에 맞는, 이성이 있는, 합리적인
[명] 합리적인 것, 도리를 아는 자, 유리수

[형] logical, sensible, reasoned

[형] irrational, illogical, insane

[형] based on or in accordance with reason or logic, Capable of reasoning
[명] A rational number: a number that can be expressed as the quotient of two integers, something rational

selfishness

[명] 제멋대로임, 자기 본위, 이기적임

[명] egocentrism, egotism, egomania

[명] unselfishness, altruism, generosity

[명] the quality or state of being selfish, the quality of being selfish

moreover

[부] 게다가, 그 위에, 더욱

[부] besides, furthermore, also

[부] as a further matter, In addition to what has been said

since

[접] …한 후에, …이래, …한 이후로
[부] 그 뒤 줄곧, 이래, 그 이후로
[전] …이래 줄곧, …이래, …부터

[접] from a time in the past until the time under consideration, typically the present, From the time that
[부] between then and now, From a specified time in the past
[전] in the intervening period between and the time under consideration, typically the present, From: referring to a period of time ending in the present and defining it by the point in time at which it started, or the period in which its starting point occurred

phenomenon

[명] 현상, 사상, 경이로운 사람

[명] occurrence, event, happening

[명] a fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question, A thing or being, event or process, perceptible through senses

mutual

[형] 서로의, 상호간의, 상호의
[명] 상호 친구, 이웃

[형] reciprocal, shared, reciprocated

[형] experienced or done by each of two or more parties towards the other or others, having the same specified relationship to each other
[명] a mutual building society or insurance company

affection

[명] 애정, 애착, 호의

[명] fondness, love, liking

[명] a gentle feeling of fondness or liking, The act of affecting or acting upon
[동] To feel affection for, 1764, Horace Walpole, The Castle of Otranto, V:

present

[동] …을 증정하다, 증정하다, 주다
[형] 현재의, 있는, 현 …
[명] 선물, 총을 겨눔, 현금

[동] hand over, give, award
[형] in attendance, current, attending
[명] now, gift, today

[형] absent, past, future
[명] past, future

[동] give or award formally or ceremonially, To bring into the presence of
[형] in a particular place, Relating to now, for the time being
[명] the position of a firearm when aimed or held ready to be aimed, especially the position from which a rifle is fired, The current moment or period of time

assemble

[동] …을 모으다, 모으다, 모이다

[동] come together, gather, get together

[동] disperse, scatter, dismantle

[동] gather together in one place for a common purpose, To put together

drive

[동] 몰다, 쫓다, …을 몰아내다
[명] 운전, 드라이브, 몰기
[형] 전동 장치의, 추진장치와 관련된, 추진의

[동] operate, go, pilot
[명] excursion, run, outing

[동] walk
[명] inertia

[동] operate and control the direction and speed of a motor vehicle, To provide an impetus for motion or other physical change, to move an object by means of the provision of force thereto
[명] a trip or journey in a car, Motivation to do or achieve something

phenomenology

[명] 현상학

[명] the science of phenomena as distinct from that of the nature of being, The study of structures of consciousness as experienced from the first-person point of view

perceive

[동] 감지하다, 여기다

[동] discern, see, recognize

[동] become aware or conscious of, come to realize or understand

participant

[명] 참가자

[명] participator, participant, contributor

[명] a person who takes part in something, One who participates
[형] Sharing, participating

figure

[명] 숫자, 수치, 모양
[동] 나타나다, 중요하다, 통하다
모형 장난감

[명] statistic, digit, figure
[동] feature, make sense, appear

[명] a number, especially one which forms part of official statistics or relates to the financial performance of a company, A drawing or diagram conveying information
[동] have a significant part or role in a situation or process, To calculate, to solve a mathematical problem

depict

[동] …을 그리다, 그리다, 표현하다

[동] portray, illustrate, represent

[동] represent by a drawing, painting, or other art form, To render a representation of something, using words, sounds, images, or other means

include

[동] …을 포함하다, 포함하다, 포괄하다

[동] incorporate, contain, comprise

[동] exclude, omit, leave out

[동] comprise or contain as part of a whole, To bring into a group, class, set, or total as a part or member
[명] A piece of source code or other content that is dynamically retrieved for inclusion in another item

typically

[부] 전형적으로, 보통, 상징적으로

[부] in most cases, In a typical or common manner

object

[명] 물체, 물건, 사물
[동] 이의를 제기하다, 반대하다, 불복하다

[명] thing, article, item
[동] protest, protest against, lodge a protest

[명] abstract idea, notion
[동] approve, accept, agree

[명] a material thing that can be seen and touched, A thing that has physical existence
[동] say something to express one's opposition to or disagreement with something, To disagree with or oppose something or someone

present

[동] …을 증정하다, 증정하다, 주다
[형] 현재의, 있는, 현 …
[명] 선물, 총을 겨눔, 현금

[동] hand over, give, award
[형] in attendance, current, attending
[명] now, gift, today

[형] absent, past, future
[명] past, future

[동] give or award formally or ceremonially, To bring into the presence of
[형] in a particular place, Relating to now, for the time being
[명] the position of a firearm when aimed or held ready to be aimed, especially the position from which a rifle is fired, The current moment or period of time

symbolic

[형] 상징하는, 상징적인, 나타내는

[형] emblematic, representative, token

[형] literal

[형] serving as a symbol, Pertaining to a symbol

out of

[전] …의 안으로부터, …중에서, …의 사이에서
…의 안에서 밖으로, …의 밖으로, …바깥에

[전] Expressing motion away, literal or figurative, — used as a function word to indicate direction or movement from within to the outside of
indicating the source or derivation of something, from
[숙어] — used to show the direction or movement of a person or thing from the inside to the outside of something, — used to say that a person or thing is not at or is no longer at a particular place

judge

[동] …을 재판하다, 재판하다, 판단하다
[명] 재판관, 판사, 법관

[동] form the opinion, come to the conclusion, conclude
[명] justice, magistrate, His/Her/Your Honour

[동] form an opinion or conclusion about, To sit in judgment on
[명] a public officer appointed to decide cases in a law court, A public official whose duty it is to administer the law, especially by presiding over trials and rendering judgments

imply

[동] …의 뜻을 내포하다, 포함하다, 넌지시 나타내다

[동] insinuate, suggest, hint

[동] indicate the truth or existence of by suggestion rather than explicit reference, to have as a necessary consequence