for no reason other than

tribe

[명] 부족, 종족, 일족

[명] ethnic group, race, people

[명] a social division in a traditional society consisting of families or communities linked by social, economic, religious, or blood ties, with a common culture and dialect, typically having a recognized leader, A socially, ethnically, or politically cohesive group of people
[동] To distribute into tribes or classes, to categorize

firm

[형] 굳은, 딱딱한, 단단한
[동] 단단하게 하다, 다지다, 굳게 하다
[명] 상사, 회사, 상회

[형] hard, solid, unyielding
[명] company, business, concern

[형] soft, yielding, unstable

[형] having a solid, almost unyielding surface or structure, Steadfast, secure, solid
[동] make more solid or resilient, To make firm or strong
[명] a business concern, especially one involving a partnership of two or more people, A business partnership

rivalry

[명] 경쟁, 대항, 서로 겨룸

[명] competitiveness, competition, contention

[명] competition for the same objective or for superiority in the same field

accessible

[형] 접근하기 쉬운, 접근 가능한, 가까이할 수 있는

[형] reachable, handy, attainable

[형] inaccessible, incomprehensible, unapproachable

[형] able to be reached or entered, Easy of access or approach

detect

[동] 찾아내다, 발견하다, 알아내다

[동] notice, discover, become aware of

[동] discover or identify the presence or existence of, to discover or find by careful search, examination, or probing

free will

[명] 자유 의지, 자유 의지설, 자의
자유 의지, 자유 의지설, 자유 선택

[명] volition, independence, self-determination

[명] the power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate, A person's natural inclination
[형] voluntary

travel agency

[명] 여행사
여행사

[명] an agency that makes the necessary arrangements for travellers, A company that arranges travel and accommodation for travellers

rejection

[명] 거절, 배제, 폐기

[명] refusal, denial, non-acceptance

[명] acceptance, approval, welcome

[명] the dismissing or refusing of a proposal, idea, etc, The act of rejecting

unite

[동] 결합하다, 연합하다, …을 하나로 만들다
[명] 유나이트 금화, 유나이트

[동] unify, join, link

[동] divide, separate, split

[동] come or bring together for a common purpose or action, To bring together as one
[명] A British gold coin worth 20 shillings, first produced during the reign of King James I, and bearing a legend indicating the king's intention of uniting the kingdoms of England and Scotland

pub

[명] 술집, 퍼브, 선술집
physical unit block 물리 장치 제어 블록
[동] 퍼브에 가다

[명] tavern, bar, inn

[명] an establishment for the sale of beer and other drinks, and sometimes also food, to be consumed on the premises, a hotel
[동] spend time in pubs

recall

[동] …을 생각해내다, 상기하다, 기억해 내다
[명] 되부름, 회상, 기억

[동] remember, recollect, call to mind
[명] summoning back, recollection, ordering back

[동] forget, dissolve, prorogue

[동] bring back into one's mind, Alternative form of recall 1817, Edward Baines, History of the Wars of the French Revolution: Volume 2
[명] the action or faculty of remembering something learned or experienced, a call to return

perspective

[명] 원근 화법, 원근법, 관점
[형] 투시의, 원근 화법의, 투시 화법의
투시

[명] outlook, view, attitude

[명] the art of representing three-dimensional objects on a two-dimensional surface so as to give the right impression of their height, width, depth, and position in relation to each other, the appearance of viewed objects with regard to their relative position, distance from the viewer, etc

movement

[명] 움직임, 운동, 움직이기

[명] motion, group, move

[명] an act of moving, Physical motion between points in space

predictable

[형] 예언할 수 있는, 예측할 수 있는, 예언 할 수 있는

[형] foreseeable, likely, predictable

[형] unpredictable

[형] able to be predicted, always behaving or occurring in the way expected

bother

[동] …을 괴롭히다, 괴롭히다, 신경 쓰다
[명] 난처한 일, 귀찮음, 성가심
[감탄] 제기랄!, 귀찮다, 귀찮아!

[동] disturb, trouble, concern
[명] trouble, effort, problem

[동] comfort, help
[명] help

[동] take the trouble to do something, To annoy, to disturb, to irritate
[명] effort, trouble, or difficulty, Fuss, ado
[감탄] used to express mild irritation or impatience, A mild expression of annoyance

manufacturer

[명] 제조업자, 제조자, 제조인

[명] maker, producer, builder

[명] a person or company that makes goods for sale, A person or company that manufactures

laborer

[명] 노동자, 인부, 임금 노동자
[형] 노동에 종사하는, 괴로운, 진통을 겪고 있는

[명] One who uses body strength instead of intellectual power to earn a wage, usually hourly, one that labors

goose

[명] 거위, 거위 고기, 거위 암컷
[동] 궁둥이를 만지다, 촉진시키다

[명] a large waterbird with a long neck, short legs, webbed feet, and a short broad bill Generally geese are larger than ducks and have longer necks and shorter bills, a female goose
[동] poke in the bottom, give a boost

imaginary

[형] 상상의, 상상에만 존재하는, 가상의
[명] 허수

[형] unreal, fictional, non-existent

[형] real, actual

[형] existing only in the imagination, existing only in imagination
[명] Imagination, fancy 2002, Colin Jones, The Great Nation, Penguin 2003, p. 324:

punishable

[형] 처벌할 수 있는, 벌 줄 수 있는, 벌해야 할

[형] illegal, culpable, unlawful

[형] subject to a judicial punishment, Subject to punishment

formation

[명] 형성, 구성, 형성물

[명] emergence, establishment, coming into being

[명] destruction, disappearance, dissolution

[명] the action of forming or process of being formed, The act of assembling a group or structure 2019, VOA Learning English

conserve

[동] …을 보존하다, 보존하다, 아끼다
[명] 설탕 절임, 과일 설탕 조림, 설탕조림
컨저브

[동] preserve, save, protect
[명] jam, preserve, jelly

[동] squander, waste

[동] protect from harm or destruction, To save for later use, sometimes by the use of a preservative
[명] a sweet food made by preserving fruit with sugar, Wilderness where human development is prohibited

from a distance

멀리서

take up

계속하다, 차지하다, 기장을 줄이다
[명] take up 하기, 팽팽하게 침, 팽팽해짐

become interested or engaged in a pursuit, begin to hold or fulfil a position or post

thunderstorm

[명] 심한 뇌우, 뇌우, 우레를 수반하는 일시적인 폭우

[명] a storm with thunder and lightning and typically also heavy rain or hail, A storm consisting of thunder and lightning produced by a cumulonimbus, usually accompanied with heavy rain, wind, and sometimes hail

stem from

[동] …에 기인하다, …에 유래하다

[동] to be caused by, to come from

contract

[동] 계약하다, 약혼시키다, 줄어들다
[명] 계약, 약혼, 약정
[형] 일을 청부 맡은, 일을 청부맡은

[동] shrink, agree, get smaller
[명] agreement, commitment, deal

[동] expand, refuse, increase

[동] decrease in size, number, or range, To draw together or nearer
[명] a written or spoken agreement, especially one concerning employment, sales, or tenancy, that is intended to be enforceable by law, An agreement between two or more parties, to perform a specific job or work order, often temporary or of fixed duration and usually governed by a written agreement

confident

[형] 확신하는, 확신하고, 자신감 있는
[명] 친구, 막역한 벗, 절친한 친구

[형] optimistic, certain, hopeful

[형] unsure, insecure

[형] feeling or showing confidence in oneself or one's abilities or qualities, Very sure of something
[명] a confidant

precious

[형] 값비싼, 귀중한, 귀한
[명] 소중한 사람, 가장 사랑하는 사람, 귀중한 사람
[부] 대단히, 정말 거의 없는, 몹시

[형] valuable, costly, expensive

[형] worthless, cheap

[형] of great value, Of high value or worth
[명] used as a term of address for a beloved person, Someone who is loved
[부] Very, an intensifier

independent

[형] 독립한, 독립된, 독립의
[명] 독립한 사람, 무소속 의원, 무소속자

[형] self-governing, separate, self-legislating

[형] dependent, controlled, subservient

[형] free from outside control, Not dependent
[명] an independent person or body, A candidate or voter not affiliated with any political party, a freethinker, free of a party platform

dominant

[형] 지배적인, 우세한, 권력을 쥔
[명] 우세한 것, 주요한 물건, 주요한 것

[형] presiding, main, ruling

[형] subservient, minor, submissive

[형] having power and influence over others, Ruling
[명] a dominant trait or gene, The fifth major tone of a musical scale

analyze

long for

[동] 열망하다, 갈망하다

[동] To have a desire for, to yearn for

textile

[명] 직물, 직물의 재료, 피륙
[형] 방직된, 직물의, 짤 수 있는

[명] fabric, cloth, material

[명] a type of cloth or woven fabric, the branch of industry involved in the manufacture of cloth
[형] relating to fabric or weaving, used by nudists in reference to non-nudists

accomplish

[동] 이룩하다, 이루다, 완수하다

[동] fulfil, realize, achieve

[동] fail in, fail, give up

[동] achieve or complete successfully, To finish successfully

properly

[부] 적당하게, 적당히, 제대로

[부] correctly, rightly, fittingly

[부] incorrectly, badly

[부] correctly or satisfactorily, in a proper manner, appropriately, suitably

scholarship

[명] 박학, 학문, 장학금

[명] learning, grant, book learning

[명] academic study or achievement, learning at a high level

essential

[형] 필수의, 본질적인, 필수적인
[명] 본질적 요소, 필수적인 것, 필수 사항

[형] crucial, vital, necessary
[명] necessity, prerequisite, necessary/essential item

[형] inessential, unimportant, secondary
[명] inessential, minutiae

[형] absolutely necessary, Necessary
[명] a thing that is absolutely necessary, A necessary ingredient

psychology

[명] 심리학, 심리학 서적, 심리

[명] study of the mind, behaviourism, science of the mind

[명] the scientific study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behaviour in a given context, The study of the human mind

kick out of

…에서 쫓아내다

keep a journal

일기 을 적다

atmosphere

[명] 대기, 분위기, 공기
[동] …에 분위기를 자아내다

[명] air, aerosphere, sky

[명] the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet, The gases surrounding the Earth or any astronomical body

human race

[명] 인류
인류, 인간

[명] human beings in general, mankind, humanity

altitude

[명] 고도, 고도가 높은 곳, 고지

[명] height, elevation, summit

[명] depth

[명] the height of an object or point in relation to sea level or ground level, The absolute height of a location, usually measured from sea level

regional

[형] 지역의, 지방의, 지역적인
[명] 지역 대회, 지역 예선, 지방 회사
[부] 지역적으로, 국지적으로

[형] geographical, local, topographical

[형] national

[형] relating to or characteristic of a region, Of, or pertaining to, a specific region or district
[명] a stamp, newspaper, or other thing produced or used in a particular region, An entity or event with scope limited to a single region

anxious

[형] 불안해하는, 염려하는, 불안하게 하는

[형] worried, eager, concerned

[형] carefree, reluctant, unconcerned

[형] feeling or showing worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome, causing or characterized by worry or nervousness

charge

[동] 부담시키다, 청구하다, …에 채우다
[명] 청구 금액, 요금, 충전

[동] ask in payment, accuse, ask
[명] fee, price, rate

[동] credit to, acquit, absolve
[명] retreat, acquittal, guardian

[동] demand as a price for a service rendered or goods supplied, to assign a duty or responsibility to
[명] a price asked for goods or services, The amount of money levied for a service

athlete

[명] 경기자, 운동 선수, 선수

[명] sportswoman, sportsperson, sportsman

[명] a person who is proficient in sports and other forms of physical exercise, a person who takes part in competitive track and field events

majority

[명] 대부분, 가장 많은 수, 대다수
[형] 다수의, 다수파의, 과반수의

[명] larger part/number, most, greater part/number

[명] minority

[명] the greater number, More than half of some group

underpay

[동] …에게 싼 임금을 주다, …에게 급료를 충분히 주지 않다, 저임금을 주다

[동] pay too little to, To pay less than the value of their work

psychologist

[명] 심리학자, 임상 심리사, 정신분석 의사
[형] 심리주의의

[명] an expert or specialist in psychology, An expert in the field of psychology

empire

[명] 제국, 황제의 권한, 제왕의 영토
[형] 제국의, 대영 제국의 특징을 가진, 제1 프랑스 제정식의

[명] kingdom, realm, domain

[명] an extensive group of states or countries ruled over by a single monarch, an oligarchy, or a sovereign state, A political unit, typically having an extensive territory or comprising a number of territories or nations and ruled by a single supreme authority
[형] denoting a style of furniture, decoration, or dress fashionable chiefly during the First Empire in France The decorative style was neoclassical but marked by an interest in Egyptian and other ancient motifs, Alternative letter-case form of Empire

unrepaired

[형] 수리하지 않은

[형] Not repaired

host

[명] 성찬식의 빵, 무리, 주인
[동] 주최하다, 진행하다, 관리하다

[명] party-giver, master or mistress of ceremonies, entertainer
[동] give, present, throw

[명] guest, small number, small group
[동] be a guest at

[명] a person who receives or entertains other people as guests, One which receives or entertains a guest, socially, commercially, or officially
[동] act as host at or for, To perform the role of a host

apology

[명] 사과, 사죄, 양해를 구하는 말

[명] expression of regret, regret, one's regrets

[명] a regretful acknowledgement of an offence or failure, An expression of remorse or regret for having said or done something that harmed another: an instance of apologizing

fiercely

[부] 사납게, 맹렬하게, 격렬하게

[부] ferociously, savagely, passionately

[부] in a savagely violent or aggressive manner, In a fierce manner

resistance

[명] 저항, 반항, 항쟁

[명] opposition to, opposition, hostility to

[명] acceptance, receptivity, submission

[명] the refusal to accept or comply with something, The act of resisting, or the capacity to resist

anxiety

[명] 걱정, 불안, 근심

[명] worry, uneasiness, concern

[명] calmness, confidence, serenity

[명] a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease about something with an uncertain outcome, a mental condition characterized by excessive apprehensiveness about real or perceived threats, typically leading to avoidance behaviours and often to physical symptoms such as increased heart rate and muscle tension

incorrectly

[부] 부정확하여, 틀리게, 버릇없이

[부] in a mistaken way, In an incorrect manner

intentional

[형] 고의적인, 의도적인, 계획적인

[형] deliberate, calculated, meant

[형] unintentional, accidental

[형] done on purpose, Intended or planned

machinery

[명] 기계, 기계류, 장치

[명] equipment, apparatus, gear

[명] machines collectively, The machines constituting a production apparatus, in a plant etc., collectively

overheated

[형] 너무 가열된, 지나치게 더운, 과열된

[형] having become or been made too hot, Excessively heated
[동] simple past tense and past participle of overheat

facility

[명] 편의, 설비, 시설

[명] provision, amenity, space

[명] difficulty

[명] a place, amenity, or piece of equipment provided for a particular purpose, The fact of being easy, or easily done

milky

[형] 우유 같은, 젖 같은, 우유로 만든
[명] 우유 배달인, 우유

[형] pale, white, clouded

[형] swarthy

[형] containing or mixed with a large amount of milk, Resembling milk in color, consistency, smell, etc

date back to

…까지 거슬러 올라가다

[동] To have begun at a particular time, to have records of something extending to a time in history
[숙어] to have been made in or to have come into being in

solid

[형] 고체의, 단단한, 고형의
[명] 고체, 고형물, 고형체
[부] 만장일치로, 일치하여, 바로 그렇다

[형] hard, firm, rock-hard

[형] liquid, unsubstantial, gaseous

[형] firm and stable in shape, That can be picked up or held, having a texture, and usually firm Unlike a liquid or a gas
[명] a substance or object that is solid rather than liquid or fluid, A substance in the fundamental state of matter that retains its size and shape without need of a container
[부] Solidly, Without spaces or hyphens

evolutionary

[형] 발달의, 진화적인, 진화의

[형] relating to or denoting the process by which different kinds of living organism are believed to have developed from earlier forms, Of or relating to the biological theory of evolution

friction

[명] 마찰, 충돌, 마찰 저항

[명] abrasion, conflict, abrading

[명] harmony

[명] the resistance that one surface or object encounters when moving over another, the action of one surface or object rubbing against another

invest

[동] 투자하다, …에게 입게 하다, 운용하다

[동] put money into, spend, sink money into

[동] put into financial schemes, shares, property, or a commercial venture with the expectation of achieving a profit, To spend money, time, or energy on something, especially for some benefit or purpose
[명] An unnamed tropical weather pattern "to investigate" for development into a significant system

stick to

굳게 지키다, 방침을 고수하다

continue or confine oneself to doing or using a particular thing, not move or digress from a path or a subject

efficiency

[명] 능력, 효율, 효력

[명] organization, effectiveness, efficiency

[명] inefficiency, incompetence

[명] the state or quality of being efficient, The extent to which time is well used for the intended task

rub

[동] 마찰하다, 비비다, 문지르다
[명] 비비기, 문지르기, 문지름

[동] massage, stroke, knead
[명] massage, rub-down, caress

[동] apply firm pressure to the surface of , using a repeated back and forth motion, To move while maintaining contact with another object over some area, with pressure and friction
[명] an act of rubbing, an ointment designed to be rubbed on the skin to ease pain

hang out

많은 시간을 보내다
[명] 전면 공개, 폭로

hang something on a line or pole or from a window, hang from a clothes line to dry

break into

몰래 잠입하다

enter or open a place, vehicle, or container forcibly, especially for the purposes of theft, to begin with or as if with a sudden throwing off of restraint
[동] To enter illegally or by force, especially in order to commit a crime, to enter illegally and especially by using force

arrest

[동] 붙잡다, 심장 박동이 정지되다, 체포하다
[명] 구인, 체포, 구속

[동] apprehend, capture, arrest
[명] detention, capture, apprehension

[동] release, start, speed up
[명] release, acceleration

[동] seize by legal authority and take them into custody, seize and detain by legal authority
[명] the action of seizing someone and taking them into custody, a stoppage or sudden cessation of motion

routine

[명] 판에 박힌 일, 규칙적으로 하는 일의 통상적인 순서와 방법, 틀에 박힌 일
[형] 일상적인, 일상의, 정례적인
[부] 일상적으로, 늘 하던 대로

[명] procedure, practice, programme
[형] standard, usual, regular

[형] unusual, exciting

[명] a sequence of actions regularly followed, A course of action to be followed regularly
[형] performed as part of a regular procedure rather than for a special reason, According to established procedure
[동] organize according to a routine

charged

[형] 대전한, 차 있는, 충전된

[형] having an electric charge, possessing or showing strong emotion

appreciate

[동] 바르게 판단하다, 진가를 알다, 진가를 알아보다

[동] be grateful for, enjoy, be thankful for

[동] disparage, scorn, be unaware of

[동] recognize the full worth of, To be grateful or thankful for

wage

[동] 행해지다, 벌어지다, 벌이다
[명] 임금, 급료, 노임
[형] 임금의

[동] engage in, carry on, conduct
[명] pay, payment, remuneration

[동] carry on, To conduct or carry out
[명] a fixed regular payment earned for work or services, typically paid on a daily or weekly basis, An amount of money paid to a worker for a specified quantity of work, usually calculated on an hourly basis and expressed in an amount of money per hour

room

[명] 방, 실, -실
[동] …와 한방을 쓰다, 방을 함께 차지하다, 방을 얻다

[명] space, chamber, free space
[동] lodge, board, have rooms

[명] space that can be occupied or where something can be done, Opportunity or scope 1526, William Tyndale, trans Bible, Acts I:
[동] share a room, house, or flat, especially a rented one at a college or similar institution, To reside, especially as a boarder or tenant
[부] Off from the wind

static electricity

[명] 정전기
정전기

[명] a stationary electric charge, typically produced by friction, which causes sparks or crackling or the attraction of dust or hair, An electric charge that has built up on an insulated body, often due to friction

migrating bird

철새

strategy

[명] 용병학, 전략, 계획

[명] master plan, policy, grand design

[명] a plan of action designed to achieve a long-term or overall aim, The science and art of military command as applied to the overall planning and conduct of warfare

to a certain extent

어느 정도까지

[숙어] up to a point

belong

[동] 소속하다, 속하다, 제자리에 있다

[동] have a place, go with, be located

[동] be the property of, be due to

switch

[동] 스위치를 틀다, 스위치를 돌리다, 전환되다
[명] 개폐기, 스위치, 어린 나뭇가지

[동] change, switch, shift
[명] button, control, handle

[동] change the position, direction, or focus of, To exchange
[명] a device for making and breaking the connection in an electric circuit, A device to turn electric current on and off or direct its flow
[형] Pertaining to riding with the front and back feet swapped round compared to one's normal position, Pertaining to skiing backwards

lead

[명] 납, 선두, 선도
[동] …에 납을 씌우다, 납으로 씌우다, 안내하다
[형] 납으로 만든, 납을 함유한, 납의

[명] leading position, first place, leading place
[동] guide, go in front, conduct
[형] leading, main, first

[명] last, losing, last position
[동] follow, serve in, be losing
[형] last

[명] the initiative in an action, A heavy, pliable, inelastic metal element, having a bright, bluish color, but easily tarnished
[동] cause to go with one by holding them by the hand, a halter, a rope, etc. while moving forward, To cover, fill, or affect with lead
[형] Foremost, main, principal2017 August 25, "Arrest threat as Yingluck Shinawatra misses verdict", in aljazeera.com, Al Jazeera:

politics

[명] 정치학, 정치, 정무

[명] government, affairs of state, local government

[명] the activities associated with the governance of a country or area, especially the debate between parties having power, A methodology and activities associated with running a government, an organization, or a movement
[동] Third-person singular simple present indicative form of politic

protest

[동] 항의하다, 주장하다, 단언하다
[명] 항의, 단언, 이의
[형] 항의의, 반대의

[동] express opposition, object, raise objections
[명] objection, demonstration, exception

[동] acquiesce
[명] support, approval

[동] express an objection to what someone has said or done, To make a strong objection
[명] a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something, A formal objection, especially one by a group

in control of

…을 관리하고 있는

[숙어] having the power to direct or control

cling to

고수하다

[동] Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see cling,‎ to, To have an intense emotional dependency on

meet

[동] 만나다, 마중 가다, …에 닿다
[명] 경기, 여우 사냥

[동] encounter, meet, meet up with
[명] event, tournament, game

[동] avoid, disperse, separate

[동] arrange or happen to come into the presence or company of, To make contact while in proximity
[명] a gathering of riders and hounds before a hunt begins, A sports competition, especially for track and field or swimming
[형] suitable or proper, Suitable

expend

[동] 들이다, 쏟다, 쓰다

[동] spend, use, pay out

[동] save, conserve

[동] spend or use up, to consume, exhaust c. 1590, William Shakespeare, King Henry VI Part 2, act 3, scene 1: