The extraordinary expansion of food production by aquafarming has come with high costs to the environment and human health. As with industrialized agriculture, most commercial aquafarming relies on high energy and chemical inputs, including antibiotics and artificial feeds made from the wastes of poultry processing. Such production practices tend to concentrate toxins in farmed fish, creating a potential health threat to consumers. The discharge from fish farms, which can be equivalent to the sewage from a small city, can pollute nearby natural aquatic ecosystems. Around the tropics, especially tropical Asia, the expansion of commercial shrimp farms is contributing to the loss of highly biodiverse coastal mangrove forests.